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Valdivia
Valdivia ((:balˈd̪iβja)) is a city and commune in southern Chile, administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia, and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla. Since October 2007, Valdivia has been the capital of Los Ríos Region and is also the capital of Valdivia Province. The national census of 2002 census recorded the commune of Valdivia as having 140,559 inhabitants (''Valdivianos''), of whom 127,750 were living in the city.〔("Censo 2002. .Síntesis de Resultados," Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas ) 〕 The main economic activities of Valdivia include tourism, wood pulp manufacturing, forestry, metallurgy, and beer production. The city is also the home of the Austral University of Chile, founded in 1954, and the Centro de Estudios Científicos.
The city of Valdivia and the Chiloé Archipelago were once the two southernmost outliers of the Spanish Empire. From 1645 to 1740 the city depended directly on the Viceroyalty of Peru, which financed the building of the Valdivian fort system that turned Valdivia into one of the most fortified cities of the New World.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= The Defensive Complex of Valdivia )〕 In the second half of 19th century, Valdivia was the port of entry for German immigrants who were given land and settled in the surrounding areas.
In 1960 Valdivia was severely damaged by the Great Chilean earthquake, the most powerful earthquake ever recorded at magnitude 9.5.〔U.S. Geological Survey (March 7, 2006). (Historic Earthquakes - Chile - 1960 May 22 19:11:14 UTC - Magnitude 9.5: The Largest Earthquake in the World. ) Retrieved on 2007-01-09〕 Debris and destroyed buildings from the earthquake can still be found in the suburban areas. In addition, land subsidence and sediments have resulted in complex navigation challenges on the local rivers and in some areas, ruins of buildings are visible from the water.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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